bruise is to fall as bump is to

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What causes bumps, knocks and bruises?

A bruise often appears after you have been knocked, bumped or pinched, for example when you have fallen over playing sport, or knocked your body against something.

A bruise is made when the tiny blood vessels under your skin are damaged. The blood comes out of the damaged vessels and sits in or under the skin, forming a purple or red mark.

When should I see my doctor?

Sometimes it is difficult to tell whether a bump, knock or bruise is more serious. If you are in doubt, always treat it as a fracture and seek medical attention.

You should see a doctor if there is:

intense pain
you can’t move the injured part
it is swelling and bruising very quickly
the injured body part doesn’t work properly

It’s also worth seeing a doctor if you or your child seem to bruise more easily than other people, if there are bruises all over the body, or if there is bleeding as well, like frequent nosebleeds.

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How to treat bumps, knocks and bruises?

If you have a knock, bump or bruise, you can manage it by using R.I.C.E.:

Rest the injured part.
Ice it with a cold pack or ice wrapped in a cloth, 20 minutes on and 20 minutes off.
Compress the area with a bandage which is firm, but not tight.
Elevate the injured part.

Can bumps, knocks and bruises be prevented?

Everyone bruises differently, for example children can be more likely to get bumps and bruises because they are often more physically active. Elderly people can have weaker blood vessels that mean they are more prone to damage and bruising.

You can prevent injuries at home by removing clutter, ensuring the house is well lit, and making sure any spills are mopped up. It’s a good idea to talk to your doctor about the medications you’re taking, and have your hearing and vision checked regularly.

Complications of bumps, knocks and bruises

If you bruise a lot, it could be because of the medication you are taking. Medicines including aspirin and anticoagulants make you more likely to bruise.

Very rarely, easy bruising can signal a more serious medical problem like a blood-clotting problem or blood disease.

If someone you know has bumps or bruises and you are suspicious that these symptoms were caused deliberately (on purpose), and were not the result of an accident, you should seek help from a healthcare professional as soon as possible. Consider talking to your doctor, community nurse, emergency department or school nurse.

If you are unsure who to speak to, call healthdirect on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria) to discuss your concerns with a registered nurse.

What are bumps, knocks and bruises?

Bumps, knocks and bruises are common injuries that everyone will experience from time to time.

Though they can sometimes be very painful, bumps, knocks and bruises are usually easy to treat.

What symptoms are related to bumps, knocks and bruises?

These kinds of injuries commonly affect joints such as your elbow or knee, and bumps and knocks to these areas can result in swelling and bruising.

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What’s a Bruise?

If you’re an active kid — or are a little clumsy — you’ve probably had a bruise or two. But what are those funny-colored marks on your body, exactly?

bruise is to fall as bump is to

A bruise is also called a contusion (say: kun-TOO-zhun). Some people bruise easily, while others have tougher skin tissue.

How Do Bruises Happen?

Bruises form when the soft tissues of the body get bumped. When they do, small veins and capillaries (the tiniest blood vessels) under the skin sometimes break. Red blood cells leak out of these blood vessels. These red blood cells that collect under your skin cause that bluish, purplish, reddish, or blackish mark. That’s where black-and-blue marks get their name — from their color under the skin.

Bruises go through colorful changes as the body begins to heal itself. The color changes mean that your body is metabolizing (say: meh-TAB-oh-lye-zing), or breaking down, the blood cells in the skin. This is the process that your body goes through to repair itself.

bruise is to fall as bump is to

The Phases of a Bruise

Imagine a baseball hits you in the leg. Ouch! Your body will go through these phases:

First, you’ll probably have a bump that will look red or purplish and tender. The bump might swell from the blood collecting under the tissue.
After a couple of days, the bruise will look blue or even blackish.
After 5 to 10 days, it may look greenish or even yellow.
After 10 to 14 days, the bruise will most likely be a light brown, then get lighter and lighter as it fades away.

How Long Do Bruises Last?

Most bruises will disappear after 2 weeks, and some go away even sooner. If a bruise does not go away after 2 weeks, let your parent know.

To help reduce swelling or the amount of bruising after an injury, apply a cold compress to the bruise for at least 10 minutes. And be sure to wear a helmet and protective pads to help you avoid getting bruises!

Bruises

bruise is to fall as bump is to

Bruises form when blood pools under the skin after an injury. Bruises start black and blue, brownish or purple. They change color as they fade (often without treatment). Older people are more prone to bruising. Hematomas are painful, swollen bruises that can affect internal organs. Hematomas may require medical attention.

What is a bruise?

A bruise, or contusion, is skin discoloration from a skin or tissue injury. This injury damages blood vessels underneath the skin, causing them to leak.

When blood pools under the skin, it causes black, blue, purple, brown, or yellow discoloration. There’s no external bleeding unless the skin breaks open.

Who might get a bruise?

Everyone experiences bruising. Bruises can occur from a fall, accident, sports injury or medical procedure. Older people are more likely to bruise. There are some bleeding disorders that can lead to excessive bruising. There are also some medical conditions that may make you more prone to bruising.

You may be more prone to bruising if you:

Have cancer or liver disease.
Have family members who bruise easily.
Take medications to thin blood or stop clotting, such as aspirin or blood thinners.
Regularly take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief, including ibuprofen (Advil®) or naproxen (Aleve®).
Have a bleeding disorder such as hemophilia, von Willebrand disease or another blood clotting disorder.
Experience a low blood platelet count (thrombocytopenia).
Are deficient in vitamin C or vitamin K.

What are the types of bruises?

Your healthcare provider may refer to bruising by its medical term: ecchymosis (ech-e-moe-sis). Bruises are also called contusions. The different types of bruises include:

bruise is to fall as bump is to

Hematoma: Trauma, such as a car accident or major fall, can cause severe bruising and skin and tissue damage. A hematoma is a collection of blood outside the blood vessels that causes pain and swelling..
Purpura: This type of bruising typically involves small bleeding that occurs under the skin.
Petechiae: These are pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of reddish dots on the skin that do not turn white after applying gentle pressure.
Senile purpura: As you age, your skin becomes thinner, dryer and more prone to tearing. Your skin also bruises more easily. This condition is known as senile purpura.
Black eye: A blow to the head can cause a black eye (or two black eyes). Blood and fluids pool under the eye. This condition causes swelling and a bruise, or discolored ring, to form around the eye. A black eye can sometimes indicate a more serious eye injury, such as bleeding in the eye (hyphema), or a facial fracture.

Bruise

Signs and symptoms

A woman’s bruising after a severe fall.

Bruises often induce pain immediately after the trauma that results in their formation, but small bruises are not normally dangerous alone. Sometimes bruises can be serious, leading to other more life-threatening forms of hematoma, such as when associated with serious injuries, including fractures and more severe internal bleeding.

bruise is to fall as bump is to

Size and shape

Bruise shapes may correspond directly to the instrument of injury or be modified by additional factors. Bruises often become more prominent as time lapses, resulting in additional size and swelling, and may grow to a large size over the course of the hours after the injury that caused the bruise was inflicted.

resource: wikipedia