how many people died in the holocaust
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The Holocaust
The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jewish men, women and children by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were “racially superior” and they wanted to create a “racially pure” state. Jews, deemed “inferior,” were considered an alien threat to the so-called German racial community.
During the era of the Holocaust
During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities also targeted and killed other groups, including at times their children, because of their perceived racial and biological inferiority: Roma
(Gypsies), Germans with disabilities, and some of the Slavic peoples (especially Poles and Russians). Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and homosexuals.
Because the Nazis advocated killing children of “unwanted” groups, children—particularly Jewish and Romani children—were especially vulnerable in the era of the Holocaust.
To accurately estimate the extent of human losses
To accurately estimate the extent of human losses, scholars, Jewish organizations, and governmental agencies since the 1940s have relied on a variety of different records,
such as census reports, captured German and Axis archives, and postwar investigations, to compile these statistics.
As more documents come to light or as scholars arrive at a more precise understanding of the Holocaust, estimates of human losses may change.
The single most important thing to keep in mind when attempting to document numbers of victims of the Holocaust is that no one master list of those who perished exists anywhere in the world.
How many were liberated in 1945: 7,000
Among the 7,000 people liberated at the closure of the camps, most were very ill, or close to death.
More than 15,000 people died on these marches, often succumbing to exposure, starvation, or cold weather. Those who could not keep up were shot by SS guards.
Years of operation: 5
The first of the three camps opened in 1940.
All of them were eventually shut down in 1945, after the camps were liberated by the Soviet army.
Acres taken up by the camps: 500
Much of the site of the death camp was cleared by forced labor. Today, 155 buildings and 300 ruins remain on the site.
Hungarians sent to Auschwitz: 426,000
The Holocaust was the systematic murder of Europe’s Jews by the Nazis
The Holocaust was the systematic murder of Europe’s Jews by the Nazis and their collaborators during the Second World War.
On coming to power in 1933, the Nazis began to actively persecute the Jews of Germany with the introduction of discriminatory legislation accompanied by vicious antisemitic propaganda.
With the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, the process escalated and Jews throughout Nazi-controlled Europe came under the threat of death.
The German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 was accompanied by the mass shootings of Jews by mobile killing squads – Einsatzgruppen – made up of Nazis and local collaborators.
In 1942, following the Wannsee Conference of senior Nazi officials
In 1942, following the Wannsee Conference of senior Nazi officials, the Nazis began the methodical deportation and extermination of Europe’s Jews.
Why do some people deny the Holocaust?(how many people died in the holocaust)
Most Holocaust deniers want to wash away the stain of Nazism in an attempt to make Nazism an acceptable political alternative today.
Holocaust denial is an important tool for anti-Semites. On July 24, 1996, Harold Covington, leader of the National Socialist White People’s Party, explained why:
“Take away the Holocaust and what do you have left?(how many people died in the holocaust)
Without their precious Holocaust, what are the Jews? Just a grubby little bunch of international bandits and assassins and squatters who have perpetrated the most massive, cynical fraud in human history…”
Holocaust denial is an updated version of an alleged Jewish conspiracyin which Jews use lies and extortion to gain advantage of everyone else. The common denominator to all Holocaust deniers is anti-Semitism.
Don’t Holocaust deniers present facts to back up their arguments?
At the same time, they deny the authenticity of documents, eyewitness testimonies, films and photos that historians have concluded to be authentic.
Holocaust Revisionists often copy the practices of genuine scholars by holding their own conventions or citing the works of other Holocaust deniers -as if they were facts- all in the attempt to deceive the public.
Not a single document has been found with Hitler’s signature ordering the extermination of the Jews.
This is true. Hitler was not about to repeat the mistake he had made earlier when he initialed his “euthanasia order,” condemning over 70,000 German mental patients to death at so-called “charitable care facilities” such as Hadamar and Grafineck. (Ironically, the first victims of Nazi gassings were actually non-Jewish Germans).
Popular protest which threatened his popularity, eventually forced Hitler to abandon his euthanasia experiment, or at least take it underground.
Never again would Hitler initial any document connecting himself to mass killings.
Nevertheless, historians have been able to establish with convincing certainty that the order to exterminate millions of Jews came directly from Hitler.
On November 10, 1941, Higher SS and police leader, Friedrich Jeckeln, received orders to liquidate the Jewish population of Riga.
A few months earlier
Discussing the liquidation of Jews in Eastern Europe, SS Chief, Heinrich Himmler, told SS Gruppenfuehrer, Gottlob Berger, “the occupied East will be freed of Jews.
The Fuehrer has placed the execution of this difficult order on my shoulders.”
Hitler’s involvement in the “Final Solution” extended to gassing operations.
On October 25, 1941 a directive addressed to Hinrich Lohse regarding the use of special “gassing vans”, came by way of German judge, Dr. Erhard Wetzel.
On February 4, 1943, Hitler equated the extermination of the Jews with having “exterminated a bacterium.”
In his January 30 speech to the Reichstag 4 years earlier,
Hitler warned that in the event of war, “the result will be…the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe!”
Not a single document has been found with Hitler’s signature ordering the extermination of the Jews.
This is true.
Hitler was not about to repeat the mistake he had made earlier when he initialed his “euthanasia order,” condemning over 70,000 German mental patients to death at so-called “charitable care facilities” such as Hadamar and Grafineck.
(Ironically, the first victims of Nazi gassings were actually non-Jewish Germans).
Popular protest which threatened his popularity,
eventually forced Hitler to abandon his euthanasia experiment, or at least take it underground.
Never again would Hitler initial any document connecting himself to mass killings.
Nevertheless, historians have been able to establish with convincing certainty that the order to exterminate millions of Jews came directly from Hitler.
On November 10, 1941, Higher SS and police leader, Friedrich Jeckeln, received orders to liquidate the Jewish population of Riga. Discussing the liquidation of Jews in Eastern Europe
Discussing the liquidation of Jews in Eastern Europe, SS Chief, Heinrich Himmler, told SS Gruppenfuehrer, Gottlob Berger, “the occupied East will be freed of Jews. The Fuehrer has placed the execution of this difficult order on my shoulders.”
Hitler’s involvement in the “Final Solution” extended to gassing operations.
On October 25, 1941 a directive addressed to Hinrich Lohse regarding the use of special “gassing vans”,
came by way of German judge, Dr. Erhard Wetzel.
On February 4, 1943(how many people died in the holocaust)
Hitler equated the extermination of the Jews with having “exterminated a bacterium.”
In his January 30 speech to the Reichstag 4 years earlier, Hitler warned that in the event of war,
“the result will be…the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe!”
Case studies highlighting the actions of German soldiers explore specific examples of individual behavior.
They allow for a consideration of individual decision-making in the context of professional responsibilities.
Recommended approaches and supporting materials are included for instructors planning to incorporate these case studies into their own courses.
- Case Studies
- Background and Context Sheets
nazi germany(how many people died in the holocaust)
With the onset of the Great Depression in 1929,
Germany’s Weimar Republic was plunged into a catastrophic economic freefall. The political repercussions were immediate:
the coalition government of Social Democratic chancellor Hermann Müller collapsed and the Nazis and Communists saw membership spikes as Germans abandoned more moderate parties.
In July 1930(how many people died in the holocaust)
In July 1930 the new chancellor,
Heinrich Brüning of the Roman Catholic Centre Party,
forced through his economic program by resorting to the emergency powers available under Article 48 of the Weimar constitution.
Brüning succeeded in staying in office by tacking sharply to the right and appealing to nationalism,
but by early 1932 the number of unemployed in Germany exceeded six million.
In the election of March 1932, incumbent Pres. Paul von Hindenburg failed to obtain an outright majority,
but in a runoff election the following month he outpolled Nazi leader Adolf Hitler by about six million votes.
Although Hindenburg wished to replace the moribund Brüning, he was reluctant to elevate Hitler and settled on Franz von Papen. Papen, in an attempt to shore up his parliamentary standing,
called a snap election in July 1932.
The move was a disaster for Papen’s young administration,
and the Nazis won 230 seats in the Reichstag.
Papen called another election in November 1932, and the Nazis saw a significant share of their vote erode at the expense of a steadily growing Communist Party and Alfred Hugenberg’s German National People’s Party.
