is ruth bader ginsburg a democrat
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oan Ruth Bader Ginsburg (/ˈbeɪdər ˈɡɪnzbɜːrɡ/ BAY-dər GHINZ-burg; née Bader; March 15, 1933 – September 18, 2020) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1993 until her death in 2020. She was nominated by President Bill Clinton, replacing retiring Justice Byron White, and at the time was generally viewed as a moderate consensus-builder.
She eventually became part of the liberal wing of the Court as the Court shifted to the right over time. Ginsburg was the first Jewish woman and the second woman to serve on the Court, after Sandra Day O’Connor. During her tenure, Ginsburg wrote notable majority opinions, including United States v. Virginia (1996), Olmstead v. L.C. (1999), Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc. (2000), and City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York (2005).
Where was she born?
Ginsburg was born and grew up in Brooklyn, New York. Her older sister died when she was a baby, and her mother died shortly before Ginsburg graduated from high school. She earned her bachelor’s degree at Cornell University and married Martin D. Ginsburg, becoming a mother before starting law school at Harvard. She was one of the few women in her class.
Ginsburg transferred to Columbia Law School, where she graduated joint first in her class. During the early 1960s she worked with the Columbia Law School Project on International Procedure. She learned Swedish and co-authored a book with Swedish jurist Anders Bruzelius. Her work in Sweden profoundly influenced her thinking on gender equality. She then became a professor at Rutgers Law School and Columbia Law School, teaching civil procedure as one of the few women in her field.
1980 to 2020
Ginsburg spent much of her legal career as an advocate for gender equality and women’s rights, winning many arguments before the Supreme Court. She advocated as a volunteer attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union. And it was a member of its board of directors and one of its general counsel in the 1970s. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter appointed her to the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, where she served until her appointment to the Supreme Court in 1993. Between O’Connor’s retirement in 2006 and the appointment of Sonia Sotomayor in 2009, she was the only female justice on the Supreme Court. During that time, Ginsburg became more forceful with her dissents, notably in Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (2007).
Ginsburg’s dissenting opinion was credited with inspiring the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act which was signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2009, making it easier for employees to win pay discrimination claims. Ginsburg received attention in American popular culture for her passionate dissents in numerous cases, widely seen as reflecting paradigmatically liberal views of the law. She was dubbed “The Notorious R.B.G.”, and she later embraced the moniker.
in 2013 or 2014
Despite two bouts with cancer and public pleas from liberal law scholars, she decided not to retire in 2013 or 2014 when Democrats could appoint her successor. Ginsburg died at her home in Washington, D.C., on September 18, 2020, at the age of 87, from complications of metastatic pancreatic cancer.
The Republican Senate majority in the 116th Congress confirmed Amy Coney Barrett to the vacancy created by Ginsburg’s death on October 27, 2020. The appointment of Barrett was one of three major rightward shifts in the court since 1953, following the appointment of Clarence Thomas to replace Thurgood Marshall in 1991 and the appointment of Warren Burger to replace Earl Warren in 1969.
Early life and education
Joan Ruth Bader was born on March 15, 1933, at Beth Moses Hospital in Brooklyn, New York City. The second daughter of Celia (née Amster) and Nathan Bader, who lived in the Flatbush neighborhood. Her father was a Jewish emigrant from Odessa, Ukraine, at that time part of the Russian Empire. And her mother was born in New York to Jewish parents who came from Kraków, Poland, at that time part of Austria-Hungary.
early life
The Baders’ elder daughter Marylin died of meningitis at age six, when Ruth was 14 months old. The family called Joan Ruth “Kiki”, a nickname Marylin had given her for being “a kicky baby.” When “Kiki” started school, Celia discovered that her daughter’s class had several other girls named Joan, so Celia suggested the teacher call her daughter “Ruth” to avoid confusion. Although not devout, the Bader family belonged to East Midwood Jewish Center, a Conservative synagogue, where Ruth learned tenets of the Jewish faith and gained familiarity with the Hebrew language.
Bader was not allowed to have a bat mitzvah ceremony because of Orthodox restrictions on women reading from the Torah, which upset her. Starting as a camper from the age of four, Ruth attended Camp Che-Na-Wah, a Jewish summer program at Lake Balfour near Minerva, New York, where she was later a camp counselor until the age of eighteen.
education
Celia took an active role in her daughter’s education, often taking her to the library. Celia had been a good student in her youth. She graduating from high school at age 15, yet she could not further her own education. Because her family instead chose to send her brother to college.
She wanted her daughter to get more education, which she thought would allow Ruth to become a high school history teacher. Ruth attended James Madison High School, whose law program later dedicated a courtroom in her honor. Celia struggled with cancer throughout Ruth’s high school years and died the day before Ruth’s high school graduation.
Personal life
A few days after Bader graduated from Cornell, she married Martin D. Ginsburg, who later became an internationally prominent tax attorney practicing at Weil, Gotshal & Manges. Upon her accession to the D.C. Circuit, the couple moved from New York City to Washington, D.C.. It was where her husband became a professor of law at Georgetown University Law Center.
Their daughter, Jane C. Ginsburg FBA (born 1955), is a professor at Columbia Law School. Their son, James Steven Ginsburg (born 1965), is the founder. And he is a president of Cedille Records, a classical music recording company based in Chicago, Illinois. Ginsburg was a grandmother of four.
in 2010
After the birth of their daughter, Ginsburg’s husband was diagnosed with testicular cancer. During this period, Ginsburg attended class and took notes for both of them. She typing her husband’s dictated papers and caring for their daughter and her sick husband. During this period, she also made the Harvard Law Review. They celebrated their 56th wedding anniversary on June 23, 2010.
Martin Ginsburg died of complications from metastatic cancer on June 27, 2010. They spoke publicly of being in a shared earning/shared parenting marriage including in a speech Martin Ginsburg wrote. And it had intended to give before his death that Ruth Bader Ginsburg delivered posthumously.
Ginsburg was a non-observant Jew, attributing this to gender inequality in Jewish prayer ritual. And it relating to her mother’s death. However, she said she might have felt differently if she were younger. And she was pleased that Reform and Conservative Judaism were becoming more egalitarian in this regard.
in 2015
In March 2015, Ginsburg and Rabbi Lauren Holtzblatt released an essay titled “The Heroic and Visionary Women of Passover”, an essay highlighting the roles of five key women in the saga: The text states …”These women had a vision leading out of the darkness shrouding their world.
They were women of action, prepared to defy authority to make their vision a reality bathed in the light of the day …” In addition, she decorated her chambers with an artist’s rendering of the Hebrew phrase from Deuteronomy, “Zedek, zedek, tirdof,” (“Justice, justice shall you pursue”) as a reminder of her heritage and professional responsibility.
Ginsburg had a collection of lace jabots from around the world. She said in 2014 she had a particular jabot she wore when issuing her dissents as well as another she wore when issuing majority opinions, which was a gift from her law clerks. Her favorite jabot (woven with white beads) was from Cape Town, South Africa.
Approach to the law
Ginsburg believed in a living Constitution, a form of jurisprudence that believes the United States Constitution is a document that adapts to the times, taking on different meanings depending on when it is interpreted.
This is opposed to originalism or textualism, both of which hold generally that constitutional interpretation must give greater weight to the text of the Constitution and what the common meaning of the language was at the time of its adoption. Oyez, a law project created by Cornell’s Legal Information Institute, Justia, and Chicago-Kent College of Law, said that she was known for unifying the court’s liberal bloc.
Ginsburg had a well-documented friendship with the late Justice Antonin Scalia. Nina Tontenberg of NPR referred to the relationship as a “jousting, good-humored friendship” ahead of an interview. She did with both at George Washington University in February 2015.
in 2007
Ginsburg attracted attention for several strongly worded dissenting opinions. And she publicly read some of her dissents from the bench to emphasize the importance of the case. Two such decisions in 2007 concerned women’s rights. The first, Gonzales v. Carhart, upheld the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act on a 5–4 vote.
Ginsburg decried the judgment as “alarming,” arguing that it “cannot be understood as anything other than an effort to chip away at a right [the right of women to choose to have an abortion] declared again and again by this Court.” Similarly, in Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire, another 5–4 decision, Ginsburg criticized the majority’s holding that a woman could not bring a federal civil suit against her employer for having paid her less than it had paid men (the plaintiff did not become aware of her right to file suit until after the filing period had passed).
in 2009
Ginsburg argued that the majority’s reasoning was inconsistent with the will of the U.S. Congress—a view that was somewhat vindicated when Congress passed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, the first bill that Democratic U.S. Pres. Barack Obama signed into law.
With the retirements of Justices David Souter in 2009 and John Paul Stevens in 2010, Ginsburg became the most senior justice within the liberal bloc. She wrote dissents articulating liberal perspectives in several more prominent and politically charged cases. Her partial dissent in the Affordable Care Act cases (2012), which posed a constitutional challenge to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (also known as “Obamacare”), criticized her five conservative colleagues for concluding—in her view contrary to decades of judicial precedent—that the commerce clause did not empower Congress to require most Americans to obtain health insurance or pay a fine.
In Shelby County v. Holder (2013), the Court’s conservative majority struck down as unconstitutional Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965, which had required certain states and local jurisdictions to obtain prior approval (“preclearance”) from the federal Justice Department of any proposed changes to voting laws or procedures.
in 2014
Ginsburg, in dissent, criticized the “hubris” of the majority’s “demolition of the VRA” and declared that “throwing out preclearance when it has worked and is continuing to work to stop discriminatory changes is like throwing away your umbrella in a rainstorm because you are not getting wet.” Ginsburg was likewise highly critical of the majority’s opinion in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. (2014), a decision that recognized the right of for-profit corporations to refuse on religious grounds to comply with the Affordable Care Act’s requirement that employers pay for coverage of certain contraceptive drugs and devices in their employees’ health insurance plans.
Ginsburg wrote that the majority opinion “falters at each step of its analysis” . And she expressed concern that the Court had “ventured into a minefield” by holding “that commercial enterprises…can opt out of any law they judge incompatible with their sincerely held religious beliefs.” Throughout her career Ginsburg concluded her dissents with the phrase “I dissent,”. Rather than the conventional and more common “I respectfully dissent,” which she considered an unnecessary nicety.
in 2009
In part because of her increasing outspokenness, Ginsburg became, during the Obama administration (2009–17), a progressive and feminist folk hero. Inspired by some of her dissents, a second-year law student at New York University created a Tumblr blog entitled “Notorious R.B.G.”—a play on “Notorious B.I.G.,” the stage name of the American rapper Christopher Wallace—which became a popular nickname for Ginsburg among her admirers.
Nevertheless, some liberals, citing Ginsburg’s advanced age. And they concerns about her health and apparent frailty, argued that she should retire in order to allow Obama to nominate a liberal replacement. Others, however, pointed to her vigorous exercise routine. And the fact that she had never missed an oral argument to urge that she should remain on the Court for as long as possible.
in 2010
For her own part, Ginsburg expressed her intention to continue for as long as she was able to perform her job “full steam.” On the day after Martin Ginsburg died in 2010, she went to work at the Court as usual. Because she said, it was what he would have wanted.
In an interview in 2016 Ginsburg expressed dismay at the possibility that Republican candidate Donald Trump would be elected president—a statement that was widely criticized as not in keeping with the Court’s tradition of staying out of politics. (Ginsburg later said that she regretted the remark.) Trump’s electoral victory renewed criticism of Ginsburg for not having retired while Obama was president. She remained on the Court as its oldest justice, publicly mindful of John Paul Stevens’s service until the age of 90.
What does her death mean for the Supreme Court?
Justice Ginsburg leaves a vacancy that Mr Trump. And the slim Republican majority in the Senate want to quickly fill, despite November’s looming election.
If a successor is appointed by the Republicans, it would almost certainly push the court. Which it had a 5-4 conservative majority, further to the right.
Such a move would cement a 6-3 advantage and would likely influence American law and life for decades to come.
Death and succession
Ginsburg died from complications of pancreatic cancer on September 18, 2020, at age 87. She died on the eve of Rosh Hashanah.
Five days after her death, somebody held a private ceremony for her. They was the eight Supreme Court justices, Ginsburg’s children, and other family members. It was in the court’s great hall. After that, prohibiting the usual lying in repose , her casket was moved outdoors to the court’s west portico. Due to COVID-19 pandemic conditions. So the public could pay respects.
Thousands of mourners lined up to walk past the casket over the course of two days. After the two days in repose at the court, Ginsburg lay in state at the Capitol. She was the first woman and first Jew to lie in state therein. On September 29, Ginsburg was buried beside her husband in Arlington National Cemetery.
Ginsburg’s death opened a vacancy on the Supreme Court about six weeks before the 2020 presidential election. And it opened initiating controversies regarding the nomination and confirmation of her successor.
Days before her death, Ginsburg dictated a statement to her granddaughter Clara Spera. As heard by Ginsburg’s doctor and others in the room at the time. “My most fervent wish is that I will not be replaced until a new president is installed.” Despite Ginsburg’s request, President Trump’s pick to replace her, Amy Coney Barrett, was confirmed by the Senate on October 27.
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