name the magazine that ranks music each week

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Billboard charts

The Billboard charts tabulate the relative weekly popularity of songs and albums in the United States and elsewhere.
The results are published in Billboard magazine. Billboard biz, the online extension of the Billboard charts, provides additional weekly charts, as well as year-end charts.
The charts may be dedicated to a specific genre such as R&B, country, or rock, or they may cover all genres.
The charts can be ranked according to sales, streams, or airplay, and for main song charts such as the Hot 100 song chart, all three data are used to compile the charts.
For the Billboard 200 album chart, streams and track sales are included in addition to album sales.

The weekly sales and streams charts are monitored on a Friday-to-Thursday cycle since July 2015; previously it was on a Monday-to-Sunday cycle.
Radio airplay song charts, however, follow the Monday-to-Sunday cycle (previously Wednesday-to-Tuesday).
The charts are released each Tuesday with an issue date the following Saturday.

History, methods and description

On January 4, 1936, Billboard magazine published its first music hit parade. The first Music Popularity Chart was calculated in July 1940.
A variety of song charts followed, which were eventually consolidated into the Hot 100 by mid-1958.
The Hot 100 currently combines singles sales, radio airplay, digital downloads, and streaming activity (including data from YouTube and other video sites).
All of the Billboard charts use this basic formula. Which stations and stores are used separates the charts
each musical genre has a core audience or retail group. Each genre’s department at Billboard is headed up by a chart manager
who makes these determinations.

For many years, a song had to be commercially available as a single to be considered for any of the Billboard charts.
At the time, instead of using Nielsen SoundScan or Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems (BDS)
Billboard obtained its data from manual reports filled out by radio stations and stores.
According to the 50th-anniversary issue of Billboard, prior to the official implementation of SoundScan tracking in November 1991
many radio stations and retail stores removed songs from their manual reports after the associated record labels stopped promoting a particular single.
Thus, songs fell quickly after peaking and had shorter chart lives.
In 1990, the country singles chart was the first chart to use SoundScan and BDS. They were followed by the Hot 100 and the R&B chart in 1991.
Today, all of the Billboard charts use this technology.

Originally, Billboard had separate charts for different measures of popularity, including disc jockey playings, juke box song selectionand best selling records in retail stores.
The final accolade of a successful single was a position on the Honor Roll of Hits.
The chart was introduced in the March 24, 1945, issue, ranking the most popular songs comprised by record and sheet sales, disk jockey
and jukebox performances as determined by Billboard’s weekly nationwide survey.
The jukebox chart ceased publication after the June 17, 1957, issue the disk jockey chart after the July 28
1958, issue
the best-seller chart after the October 13, 1958, issue, and the Honor Roll of Hits after the November 16, 1963, issue.

A composite standing chart that combined these gradually grew to become a top 100, the predecessor to the current Hot 100 chart.
The July 28, 1958, issue was the last to call the composite chart the “Top 100”; the following week began the “Hot 100.”
Billboard publishes many different charts, with the Hot 100 and Billboard 200 being the most famous.
Billboard also has charts for these music styles: rock, country, dance, bluegrass, jazz, classical, R&B, rap, electronic, pop, Latin
Christian music, comedy albums, Catalog Album, and even ringtones for mobile (cell) phones.
In 2009, Billboard partnered with MetroLyrics to offer top-10 lyrics for each of the charts.

At the end of each year, Billboard tallies the results of all of its charts, and the results are published in a year-end issue
and heard on year-end editions of its American Top 40 and American Country Countdown radio broadcasts.
Between 1991 and 2006, the top single/album/artist(s) in each of those charts was/were awarded in the form of the annual Billboard Music Awards
which were held in December until the awards went dormant in 2007. The awards returned in May 2011.

Before September 1995, singles were allowed to chart in the week they first went on sale based on airplay points alone.
The policy was changed in September 1995, to only allow a single to debut after a full week of sales on combined sales and airplay points.
This allowed several tracks to debut at number one.

In December 1998, the policy was further modified to allow tracks to chart on the basis of airplay alone without a commercial release.
This change was made to reflect the changing realities of the music business.
Previous to this, several substantial radio and MTV hits had not appeared on the Billboard chart at all
because many major labels chose not to release them as standalone singles, hoping their unavailability would spur greater album sales.

Not offering a popular song to the public as a single was unheard of before the 1970s.
The genres that suffered most at the time were those that increasingly impacted pop culture, including new genres such as trip hop and grunge.
Among the many pre-1999 songs that had ended up in this Hot 100 limbo were The Cardigans
“Lovefool”, Natalie Imbruglia’s “Torn” (which peaked at 42), Goo Goo Dolls’ “Iris” (which hit number 9), OMC’s “How Bizarre”, Sugar Ray’s “Fly”, and No Doubt’s “Don’t Speak”.

On June 25, 2015, Billboard made changes in its chart requirements.
The official street date for all new album releases was moved from Tuesday to Friday in the United States.
For all sales-based charts (ranking both albums and tracks), Billboard and Nielsen changed the chart reporting period to cover the first seven days of an album’s release.
As a result of the changes, The Billboard 200, top albums sales, genre-based albums, digital songs, genre-based downloads
streaming songs, and genre-focused streaming surveys ran on a Friday-to-Thursday cycle.
Radio Songs, which informs the Hot 100, synced to the Monday-to-Sunday period after formerly covering Wednesday to Tuesday.
All other radio charts and genre tallies followed the Monday-to-Sunday cycle.
The move was made to coincide with the IFPI’s move to have all singles and albums released globally on Fridays.

Incorporating digital platforms

Starting in 2005, Billboard changed its methodology to include paid digital downloads from digital music retailers such as Rhapsody, AmazonMP3, and iTunes.
This change also allowed songs to chart with or without the help of radio airplay.
This meant that a song did not need radio airplay to be eligible to chart on the Billboard Hot 100.
With this policy change, a song could chart based on digital downloads alone.

On July 31, 2007, Billboard changed its methodology for the Hot 100 chart to include digital streams.
The digital information at the time was obtained from Yahoo and AOL’s streaming platforms.
This change was made exclusively to the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
The effect of this chart change was minuscule at the time because it was estimated to account for 5% of the chart’s total points.

In October 2012, Billboard significantly changed the methodology for their country, rock, Latin, and rap charts
when it incorporated sales of digital downloads and streaming plays into what had been airplay-only charts.
Another change was that rather than measuring airplay only from radio stations of the particular genre, the new methodology measures airplay from all radio formats.
This methodology was extended to their Christian and gospel charts in late 2013.
These methodology changes resulted in higher positions on the genre charts for songs with crossover appeal to other genres and radio formats (especially pop) at the expense of songs that appeal almost exclusively to core fans of the given genre, which was controversial with those devotees.

On February 20, 2013, Billboard announced another change in the methodology for its charts that incorporated YouTube video streaming data into the determination of ranking positions on streaming charts. The incorporation of YouTube streaming data enhanced a formula that includes on-demand audio streaming and online radio streaming. The YouTube video streams that used in this methodology are official video streams, Vevo on YouTube streams, and user-generated clips that use authorized audio. Billboard said this change was made to further reflect the divergent platforms of music consumption in today’s world.

Policy changes

The methods and policies by which this data is obtained and compiled have changed many times throughout the chart’s history.

Although the advent of a singles music chart spawned chart historians
and chart-watchers and greatly affected pop culture and produced countless bits of trivia
the main purpose of the Hot 100 is to aid those within the music industry: to reflect the popularity of the “product” (the singles, the albums, etc.)
and to track the trends of the buying public. Billboard has (many times) changed its methodology
and policies to give the most precise and accurate reflection of what is popular.
A very basic example of this would be the ratio given to sales and airplay.

During the Hot 100’s early history, singles were the leading way by which people bought music.
At times, when singles sales were robust, more weight was given to a song’s retail points than to its radio airplay.

As the decades passed, the recording industry concentrated more on album sales than singles sales.
Musicians eventually expressed their creative output in the form of full-length albums rather than singles
and by the 1990s many record companies stopped releasing singles altogether (see Album Cuts, below).
Eventually, a song’s airplay points were weighted more so than its sales.
Billboard has adjusted the sales/airplay ratio many times to more accurately reflect the true popularity of songs.