what type of star is the sun
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what type of star is the sun
Our Sun – the heart of our solar system – is a yellow dwarf star, a hot ball of glowing gases. Its gravity holds the solar system together, keeping everything from the biggest planets to the smallest particles of debris in its orbit.
Electric currents in the Sun generate a magnetic field that is carried out through the solar system by the solar wind.
– a stream of electrically charged gas blowing outward from the Sun in all directions.
The Sun is the largest object in our solar system, comprising 99.8% of the system’s mass. Though it seems huge to us, the Sun isn’t as large as other types of stars.
Earth orbits the Sun from a distance of about 93 million miles.
The connection and interactions between the Sun and Earth drive our planet’s seasons, ocean currents, weather, climate, radiation belts, and aurorae.
Though it is special to us, there are billions of stars like our Sun scattered across the Milky Way galaxy.
Pop Culture
The Sun has inspired mythological stories in cultures around the world since ancient times.
More recently, the Sun has adorned everything from album covers, such as Sublime’s iconic 1992 debut, to packages of raisins.
It continues to influence stories in comics, theatrical films, and everything in between.
If you’re Superman (or a fellow Kryptonian), your powers are heightened by the yellow glow of our Sun.
and you can even dispose of dangerous materials like Superboy once did, by hurling them into the Sun. And in the 2007 film “Sunshine” .
– the Sun is dying, leaving Earth in a deep freeze. To save humanity.
a crewed spacecraft is sent to reignite the Sun with a bomb, though things don’t go quite as planned.
Kid-Friendly Sun
The Sun is a star. There are lots of stars, but the Sun is the closest one to Earth. It is the center of our solar system.
The Sun is a hot ball of glowing gases. It keeps our planet warm enough for living things to thrive. It gives us light so we can see.
Eight planets move around the Sun. We call that an orbit.
The planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Lots of smaller worlds orbit the Sun. Pluto is a dwarf planet beyond Neptune.
There are many asteroids and comets that go around the Sun, too.
Our Sun
Our Sun is a yellow dwarf star, a hot ball of glowing gases at the heart of our solar system. Its gravity holds the solar system together, keeping everything – from the biggest planets to the smallest particles of debris – in its orbit.
The connection and interactions between the Sun and Earth drive the seasons, ocean currents.
weather, climate, radiation belts, and auroras. Though it is special to us, there are billions of stars like our Sun scattered across the Milky Way galaxy.
Namesake
The Sun has many names in many cultures. The Latin word for Sun is “sol,” which is the main adjective for all things Sun-related: solar.
Potential for Life
The Sun itself is not a good place for living things, with its hot, energetic mix of gases and plasma. But the Sun has made life on Earth possible, providing warmth as well as the energy that organisms like plants use to form the basis of many food chains.
Size and Distance
With a radius of 432,168.6 miles (695,508 kilometers), our Sun is not an especially large star – many are several times bigger – but it is still far more massive than our home planet: It would take 332,946 Earths to match the mass of the Sun. The Sun’s volume would need 1.3 million Earths to fill it.
The Sun is about 93 million miles (150 million kilometers) from Earth. Its nearest stellar neighbor is the Alpha Centauri triple star system: Proxima Centauri is 4.24 light-years away.
and Alpha Centauri A and B – two stars orbiting each other – are 4.37 light-years away. (A light-year is the distance light travels in one year.
which is equal to 5,878,499,810,000 miles or 9,460,528,400,000 kilometers.)
what type of star is the sun now
Orbit and Rotation
The Sun, and everything that orbits it, is located in the Milky Way galaxy. More specifically, our Sun is in a spiral arm called the Orion Spur that extends outward from the Sagittarius arm.
From there, the Sun orbits the center of the Milky Way galaxy, bringing the planets, asteroids, comets, and other objects along with it.
Our solar system is moving at an average velocity of 450,000 miles per hour.
(720,000 kilometers per hour). But even at this speed, it takes us about 230 million years to make one complete orbit around the Milky Way.
what type of star is the sun mass
The Sun rotates as it orbits the center of the Milky Way. Its spin has an axial tilt of 7.25 degrees with respect to the plane of the planets’ orbits.
Since the Sun is not a solid body.
different parts of the Sun rotate at different rates. At the equator, the Sun spins around once about every 25 Earth days, but at its poles, the Sun rotates once on its axis every 36 Earth days.
Moons
Rings
The Sun does not have rings.
Formation
The Sun and the rest of the solar system formed from a giant, rotating cloud of gas and dust called a solar nebula about 4.5 billion years ago.
As the nebula collapsed because of its overwhelming gravity, it spun faster and flattened into a disk. Most of the material was pulled toward the center to form our Sun.
which accounts for 99.8% of the mass of the entire solar system.
Structure
The Sun, like others stars, is a ball of gas. In terms of the number of atoms, it is made of 91.0% hydrogen and 8.9% helium. By mass, the Sun is about 70.6% hydrogen and 27.4% helium.
Atmosphere
Above the Sun’s photosphere are the tenuous chromosphere and the corona (crown), which make up the thin solar atmosphere. This is where we see features such as sunspots and solar flares.
Visible light from these top regions is usually too weak to be seen against the brighter photosphere, but during total solar eclipses, when the Moon covers the photosphere, the chromosphere looks like a red rim around the Sun, while the corona forms a beautiful white crown with plasma streamers narrowing outward, forming shapes that look like flower petals.
Surface
The surface of the Sun, the photosphere, is a 300-mile-thick (500-kilometer-thick) region, from which most of the Sun’s radiation escapes outward. This is not a solid surface like the surfaces of planets. Instead, this is the outer layer of the gassy star.
We see radiation from the photosphere as sunlight when it reaches Earth about eight minutes after it leaves the Sun. The temperature of the photosphere is about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5,500 degrees Celsius).
Magnetosphere
The electric currents in the Sun generate a complex magnetic field that extends out into space to form the interplanetary magnetic field. The volume of space controlled by the Sun’s magnetic field is called the heliosphere.
The Sun’s magnetic field is carried out through the solar system by the solar wind – a stream of electrically charged gas blowing outward from the Sun in all directions. Since the Sun rotates, the magnetic field spins out into a large rotating spiral, known as the Parker spiral.
