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Primary succession is an ecological succession where a newly formed area is colonized for the first time by a group of species or a community.
This previously uninhabited.
barren area is usually lacking topsoil and organic matter.
The species colonizing an uninhabited area for the first time is referred to as the pioneer species .
and the dominating community is called pioneer community.
Soon, a wider range of plants and animals will occupy the area until a climax community is established.
If disturbed or interfered with a disruptive external or internal factor.
the species inhabiting the area could subsequently be replaced by a new ecological succession, called secondary succession.
Since the area has already been inhabited during a primary succession.
the secondary succession could occur rather faster, i.e. in decades or hundreds of years as opposed to a primary succession that could take thousands, even millions of years.
The word succession in ecological viewpoint was first used by the French naturalist, Adolphe Dureau de la Malle. The word is used to refer to the vegetation development after forest clear-felling.
Ecological succession is the progressive succession of a group of species or a community over a given period, e.g.
spanning over decades or millions of years. Usually.
there is one dominant group of life forms that successfully established a stable climax community over a particular area.
Ecological succession may be primary or secondary. Both types are characterized by a progression of prevailing communities of species on a particular habitat.
They differ in terms of the ecological history and origin of the habitat. For instance, a primary succession occurs when a group of species or a community colonize a barren.
newly formed habitat. An example of primary succession is the establishment of plant or animal communities in an area where no soil initially exists.
such as bare rocks formed from a lava flow.
The primary succession is important in pioneering the area to create conditions favorable for the growth of other forms of plants and animals.
It paves the way for the next successions as the previously thriving organisms could become an essential component of the soil.
Since the pioneer species are more tolerant of a harsh environment.
they could put into use the available nutrients and convert them into another form for use by other life forms.
Thus, it is not surprising that lichens serve as a pioneer community as they are one of the most fundamental and efficient symbioses in an ecosystem.
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