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An idiopathic disease is any disease with an unknown cause or mechanism of apparent spontaneous origin. From Greek ἴδιος idios “one’s own” and πάθος pathos “suffering”, idiopathy means approximately “a disease of its own kind”.
Purpose of review:
The term idiopathic is often used to describe a disease with no identifiable cause.
It may be a diagnosis of exclusion;
however, what specific minimum investigations need to be performed to define idiopathic is not always clear.
There are many sicknesses doctors can cure with the swish of a pen across prescription pad.
But for all we understand now about some illnesses,
there are even more that still stump the pros, confound the public and rage on uncontested.
Twenty-five years since it was first identified,
there is still no cure for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
AIDS remains among the world’s most potent killers, especially in developing countries.
The disease likely started with a chimp to human jump, recent research confirmed.
Stages of HIV infection
Seroconversion illness.
Some people experience a short illness soon after they contract HIV. …
The asymptomatic stage of HIV.
Once seroconversion is over, most people feel fine and don’t experience any symptoms.
Symptomatic HIV.
Late-stage HIV.
For people who had a CD4 count between 200 and 350 and an undetectable viral load one year after starting treatment, life expectancy was similar to that of people in the general population.
Among men, a 35 year old and a 50 year old could expect to live to 78 and 81 years respectively.
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus
that attacks the body’s immune system. If HIV is not treated,
it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
There is currently no effective cure. Once people get HIV, they have it for life.
Alzheimer’s Disease
Not to be confused with the forgetfulness that affects most everyone in their later years
, Alzheimer’s is a degenerative brain disorder that manifests differently in each of its sufferers.
The exact cause isn’t understood and it can’t be effectively treated.
Even with an estimated one billion cases in the United States every year,
doctors still know very little about the nose-running, cough-inducing cold,
whose root causes number in the hundreds (some headway is being made).
Time and chicken soup, not antibiotics, is often the only prescription that helps.
Humans have no immunity to the powerful flu virus carried by birds,
which health official fear could mutate into a strain that can be transmitted between humans.
Death rates for human infected are around 50 percent but,
so far, humans have been infected mostly by direct handling with infected birds.
A recent cluster of cases, however, appeared to involved its spread between people.
Avian influenza refers to the disease caused by infection with avian (bird) influenza (flu) Type A viruses. These viruses occur naturally among wild aquatic birds worldwide
and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species.
A(H7N9) A novel influenza A avian influenza virus, A(H7N9),
was identified in China in March 2013, causing severe illness in humans.
It was the first time that a low pathogenic avian influenza
A virus had been associated with fatal outcomes for people.
But in the case of the bird flu, based on previous reports,
we can’t yet rule out the virus’s transmission from poultry to humans.
At the same time, there is no clear-cut evidence
that humans could get avian influenza by consuming infected poultry products.
People diagnosed with Pica have an insatiable urge to eat non-food substances like dirt, paper, glue
and clay. Though it is believed to be linked with mineral deficiency,
health experts have found no real cause and no cure for the peculiar disorder.
What causes pica? There’s no single cause of pica.
In some cases, a deficiency in iron, zinc, or another nutrient may be associated with pica.
For example, anemia, usually from iron deficiency, may be the underlying cause of pica in pregnant women.
Pica Symptoms and Characteristics
Nausea.
Pain in the stomach (or abdominal cramping which can indicate that there may be an intestinal blockage)
Constipation.
Diarrhea.
Stomach ulcers (which may cause blood in the stools)
Symptoms of lead poisoning (if paint chips that contain lead are ingested)
Pica in humans has many different subgroups, defined by
the substance that is ingested. Some of the most commonly described types of pica are eating earth, soil, or clay (geophagia); ice (pagophagia); and starch (amylophagia).
Treating pica involves behaviors, the environment,
and family education. One form of treatment associates
the pica behavior with negative consequences or punishment (mild aversion therapy).
Then the person gets rewarded for eating normal foods.
Most cases of pica happen in young children and pregnant women.
It’s normal for kids up to 2 years old to put things in their mouth.
So the behavior isn’t usually considered a disorder unless a child is older than 2.
A catchall term for a host of afflictions including Lupus and MS,
autoimmune disorders treat the body’s organs and normal functions as enemy invaders.
They’re usually chronic, always debilitating, and doctors can do little except ease their symptoms.
Experts consider this the most puzzling of mental disorders,
one which robs the sufferer of the ability to logically distinguish between reality
and fantasy.
Symptoms range wildly between patients and include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, lack of motivation or emotion,
but the disease has no defining medical tests.
One version of this rare brain disorder is better known “Mad Cow” and
can be contracted by eating contaminated beef. “Regular” CJD is also always fatal, quick-acting and is the most common form,
but develops in most patients for reasons doctors have yet to figure out and can not prevent.
Symptoms may include:
Delusions. These are false beliefs that are not based in reality. …
Hallucinations. These usually involve seeing or hearing things that don’t exist. …
Disorganized thinking (speech).
Depression, social withdrawal.
Hostility or suspiciousness, extreme reaction to criticism.
Deterioration of personal hygiene.
Flat, expressionless gaze.
Inability to cry or express joy or inappropriate laughter or crying.
Oversleeping or insomnia; forgetful, unable to concentrate.
Visual. Someone might see lights, objects, people, or patterns.
Often it’s loved ones or friends who are no longer alive.
They may also have trouble with depth perception and distance.
The risk for schizophrenia has been found to be somewhat higher in men than in women,
with the incidence risk ratio being 1.3–1.4.
Schizophrenia tends to develop later in women,
but there do not appear to be any differences between men and women in the earliest symptoms and signs during the prodromal phase.
Other characteristic symptoms include:
Sleep that isn’t refreshing
Difficulties with memory, focus and concentration
Dizziness that worsens with moving from lying down or sitting to standing
This condition is also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME).
Sometimes it’s abbreviated as ME/CFS.
The most recent term proposed is systemic exertional intolerance disease (SEID).
The cause of chronic fatigue syndrome is unknown,
although there are many theories — ranging from viral infections to psychological stress.
Some experts believe chronic fatigue syndrome might be triggered by a combination of factors.
There’s no single test to confirm a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. You may need a variety of medical tests to rule out other health problems that have similar symptoms. Treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome focuses on improving symptoms.
Symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome can vary from person to person,
and the severity of symptoms can fluctuate from day to day.
Signs and symptoms may include:
Fatigue
Problems with memory or concentration
Sore throat
Headaches
Enlarged lymph nodes in your neck or armpits
Unexplained muscle or joint pain
Dizziness
that worsens with moving from lying down or sitting to standing
Unrefreshing sleep
Extreme exhaustion after physical or mental exercise
When to see a doctor
Fatigue can be a symptom of many illnesses, such as infections or psychological disorders. In general, see your doctor if you have persistent or excessive fatigue.
Morgellons disease (MD) is a rare condition that involves fibers appearing underneath the skin or emerging from slow-healing skin sores.
People with MD often report feeling stinging, crawling, or burning sensations on their skin.
These symptoms can be painful and long-lasting, affecting quality of life.
However, the condition is controversial.
While some research has found MD to be infection-based,
other studies suggest that it may be purely psychological.
Research is ongoing to better understand MD and identify effective treatment options.
Spirochetes genetically identified as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto predominate as the infective agent in most of the Morgellons skin specimens studied so far.
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