how to induce diarrhea

how to induce diarrhea?

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how to induce diarrhea?

Viral infections cause most cases of diarrhea and are typically associated with mild-to-moderate symptoms with frequent, watery bowel movements, abdominal cramps, and a low-grade fever. Viral diarrhea generally lasts approximately three to seven days.

The following are the common causes of diarrhea caused by viral infections (viral gastroenteritis):

• Rotavirus is a common cause of diarrhea in infants.
• Norovirus (for example, Norwalk virus, caliciviruses) is the most common cause of epidemics of diarrhea among adults and school-age children (for example, cruise ship infection, schools, nursing homes, day care facilities, and restaurants).
• Adenovirus infections are common in all age groups.

Bacterial infections cause the more serious cases of infectious diarrhea. Typically, infection with bacteria occurs after eating contaminated food or drinks (food poisoning). Bacterial infections also cause severe symptoms, often with vomiting, fever, and severe abdominal cramps or abdominal pain. Bowel movements occur frequently and may be watery and individuals may experience “explosive diarrhea” which is a very forceful, almost violent, expulsion of loose, watery stool along with gas.

• In more serious cases, the stool may contain mucus, pus, or blood. Most of these infections are associated with local outbreaks of disease. Family members or others eating the same food may have similar illnesses.
• Foreign travel is a common way for a person to contract traveler’s diarrhea. (Traveler’s diarrhea also may be caused by unfamiliar viruses or parasites.)
• Campylobacter, salmonellae, and Shigella organisms are the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea.
• Less common causes are Escherichia coli (commonly called E. coli) Yersinia, and Listeria.
• Medications that one takes long-term may cause chronic diarrhea, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Use of antibiotics can lead to an overgrowth of Clostridium difficile (C diff) bacteria in the intestines.

Causes of Diarrhea

Parasites cause infection of the digestive system by the use of contaminated water. Common parasitic causes of diarrheal disease include Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium.

Intestinal disorders or diseases (including those that affect the small intestine or colon) including inflammatory bowel disease including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diverticulitis, microscopic colitis, and celiac disease, and malabsorption (trouble digesting certain nutrients) are non-infectious causes of chronic diarrhea. Many of these disorders can cause the diarrhea to be yellow in color.

Intolerance or allergies to foods such as artificial sweeteners found in sugar-free foods and lactose intolerance (to the sugar found in milk) can cause chronic diarrhea.

Alcohol abuse can cause diarrhea. Both binge drinking and chronic alcoholism may lead to loose stools.

Drug-induced diarrhoea

Diarrhoea is a relatively frequent adverse event, accounting for about 7% of all drug adverse effects. More than 700 drugs have been implicated in causing diarrhoea; those most frequently involved are antimicrobials, laxatives, magnesium-containing antacids, lactose- or sorbitol-containing products, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, prostaglandins, colchicine, antineoplastics, antiarrhythmic drugs and cholinergic agents.

Certain new drugs are likely to induce diarrhoea because of their pharmacodynamic properties; examples include anthraquinone-related agents, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, lipase inhibitors and cholinesterase inhibitors. Antimicrobials are responsible for 25% of drug-induced diarrhoea. The disease spectrum of antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea ranges from benign diarrhoea to pseudomembranous colitis.

Several pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in drug-induced diarrhoea: osmotic diarrhoea, secretory

diarrhoea, shortened transit time, exudative diarrhoea and protein-losing enteropathy, and malabsorption or

maldigestion of fat and carbohydrates. Often 2 or more mechanisms are present simultaneously.

Drug-induced diarrhoea

Both can be severe and poorly tolerated. In a patient presenting with diarrhoea, the medical history is very important, especially the drug history, as it can suggest a diagnosis of drug-induced diarrhoea and thereby avoid multiple diagnostic tests. The clinical examination should cover severity criteria such as fever, rectal emission of blood and mucus, dehydration and bodyweight loss. Establishing a relationship between drug consumption and diarrhoea or colitis can be difficult when the time elapsed between the start of the drug and the onset of symptoms is long, sometimes up to several months or years.

Treatment and home remedies for diarrhea

If someone has diarrhea, they should continue to consume a regular diet as tolerated. Historically, doctors have recommended the BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) for treating diarrhea, but there is no solid evidence to prove its usefulness.

Also, people do not need to restrict dairy products unless they suspect that dairy has caused their diarrhea. Listed below are some treatments and remedies that may be helpful for diarrhea.

Hydration

Keeping hydrated is a top priority when someone has diarrhea, and the best way to achieve this is to drink plenty of fluids.

In addition to water, Stanford Cancer Nutrition Services also recommend that people with diarrhea can sip on any of the following:

• broth
• caffeine-free tea
• diluted juice
• drinks that contain electrolytes, such as sports drinks
• flat ginger ale

Fluids that have both sugar and salt, called oral rehydration solutions (ORS), are easier for the body to absorb. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, people can make an ORS by adding half a teaspoon of salt and 6 teaspoons of sugar to 1 liter of water.

Medications

Over-the-counter medications are also available to help treat diarrhea. People should check with their doctor to work out if a store-bought medicine is appropriate for them.

Some studies have shown that loperamide (Imodium) and simethicone bring more relief when taken together than individually.

Bismuth subsalicylate, better known as Pepto-Bismol, is another medication available from a drugstore.

Probiotics

Probiotics are the beneficial bacteria that live in the gut. They may be a helpful treatment for children with diarrhea, but more studies in adults are needed.

Soluble fiber

While foods that are high in insoluble fiber can worsen diarrhea, foods that contain soluble fiber can help promote more formed stools.

Some examples of foods that are high in soluble fiber include oats and oranges.

When to See a Doctor?

Most people don’t need to see the doctor when they have the stomach flu. But it’s a good idea to get medical attention if you or your child has stomach flu and:

• Is under 3 months old
• over 3 months old and has been vomiting for more than 12 hours or the diarrhea hasn’t gotten better after two days
• an adult and the diarrhea hasn’t gotten a little better after two days
• Has other symptoms, such as high fever or blood or pus in the stool

In adults, dehydration can cause extreme thirst, decreased urination, dark urine, dry skin, fatigue, and dizziness.

babies and young children, dehydration can cause:

• Crying without tears
• Going three hours or more without a wet diaper
• Fever
• Dry tongue and mouth
• Extreme crankiness
• Sunken fontanel, the soft spot on the top of a baby’s head
• Sunken cheeks or eyes

Anyone with signs of dehydration needs medical help right away.

why do some foods cause diarrhea?

The types of food that trigger diarrhea differ among people. moreover,If you have a food intolerance, eating that specific food can cause diarrhea or loose stool.

Dairy and gluten are common food intolerances.

Food intolerances are often the cause of chronic diarrhea.moreover, Other symptoms of food intolerance include stomach cramps or pain, bloating, and gas.

A food intolerance is different from a food allergy. Food allergies can also cause diarrhea, along with hives, itchy skin, congestion, and throat tightening.

Malabsorption can also cause diarrhea. This is when the small intestine is less able to absorb nutrients from the food you eat. Some food intolerances can cause malabsorption.

That said, certain foods can cause diarrhea even in people with no food intolerances. These are often foods that contain large amounts of spices, artificial ingredients, oils, or colonic stimulants.