Table of Contents
So, is European Capitalized?
1. It is a proper noun
2. It can also function as a proper adjective
- Noun: Every European should take summer vacation if they can.
- Adjective: Frankfurt is a European Airport.
Do You Capitalize the Names of Countries, Nationalities, and Languages?
You should capitalize the names of countries, nationalities, and languages because they are proper nouns—English nouns that are always capitalized.
Consider the following sentences and pay attention to the capitalized nouns:
If you’re ever wondering when to capitalize English, when you’re talking about the language or the nationality, the answer is always “yes.” Although people writing casually online often lowercase the word, it is a proper noun and therefore requires a capital letter.
Proper Nouns
Capitalize proper nouns in APA Style.
- Proper nouns include the specific names of people, places, and things.
- Names of racial and ethnic groups are treated as proper nouns, which means they are capitalized (e.g., African American, Asian American, Black, European American, First Nations, Hispanic, Native American, Latinx, White).
- Capitalize trade names (e.g., brand names of medications). However, do not capitalize general names or generic brands. Likewise, capitalize a job title or position when the title precedes a name, but not when the title is used alone or after a name.
The following examples illustrate these capitalization principles in action. For more information and examples, see the Publication Manual.
Proper nouns and the capitalization of job titles and positions are covered in Sections 6.14 and 6.15 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition
Capitalize | Do not capitalize |
---|---|
University of Florida | a university |
Science of Nursing Practice | a nursing course |
Department of Psychology, Department of English | a psychology department, an English department |
Prozac, Humalog | fluoxetine, insulin lispro |
President Washington | president, vice president, chief executive officer, executive director, manager |
Dr. Iyengar | psychologist, psychiatrist, counselor, social worker |
Dr. Kellogg | physician, doctor |
Nurse Freeman | nurse, registered nurse, advanced practice nurse, nurse practitioner, physician assistant |
FOCUS ON NETWORK EFFECTS AND DATA, NOT MARKET CAPITALIZATION
Despite the opposition from some legislators, it is understandable that both Congress and the European Commission want to target antitrust reform toward large technology companies that have the greatest potential to pose anticompetitive harms.
In particular, the House Antitrust Subcommittee majority investigation, which concluded in 2020, not only found that Amazon, Apple, Google, and Meta were collectively worth over $5 trillion at that time, but that they had engaged in behavior that included self-preferencing their own products and services on their platforms, acquiring potential competitors, and more.
Such concerns are magnified by trends of rising market concentration in the broader U.S. and EU economies over the past few decades, especially in industries like search engines or e-commerce, as well as declining startup formation and higher rates of merger and acquisition (M&A) activity in the United States during this period.
Accordingly, the debate should not center around whether or not legislation should target dominant platforms, but which metrics are appropriate to determine which platforms should be covered.
Conclusion
To learn more about proper title capitalization rules, give our free title capitalization tool a try.